三峡库区重庆段生态与环境敏感性综合评价   总被引：17，自引：3，他引：14  

刘春霞  李月臣  杨华  闵婕  王才军  张虹 《地理学报》2011,66(5):631-642

在RS与GIS 技术的支持下,选择研究区比较突出的土壤侵蚀、石漠化、生境和酸雨4 个生态环境要素建立敏感性评价模型与方法,对三峡库区重庆段生态环境敏感性进行综合研究,定量揭示了研究区生态环境敏感性程度及其空间分布规律。研究结果表明：(1) 土壤侵蚀以高度敏感、中度敏感和极敏感为主;东北部是土壤侵蚀最为敏感的区域;土壤侵蚀现状与土壤侵蚀敏感性具有很好的对应关系。(2) 石漠化总体以不敏感为主,其次是高度敏感和中度敏感;高度以上敏感区主要分布东北部地区,中度以上石漠化与石漠化高度和极敏感区具有很好的对应关系。(3) 生境敏感性类型以不敏感为主,其次为高度敏感地区;东北部和南部生境敏感性高,而中西部地区生境敏感性低。(4) 酸雨高度敏感面积和比例最大,其次是中度敏感和轻度敏感区;极敏感区呈块状零星散布、高度敏感区和中度敏感区集中片状分布、轻度敏感和不敏感区沿江河带状分布,部分呈团块状散布。(5) 生态环境敏感性类型以高度敏感为主,其次为中度敏感区和不敏感区;东北部和南部生态环境敏感性高,中西部地区生态环境敏感性低。  相似文献   

Multi-model ensemble estimation of volume transport through the straits of the East/Japan Sea     

Sooyeon Han  Naoki Hirose  Norihisa Usui  Yasumasa Miyazawa 《Ocean Dynamics》2016,66(1):59-76

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东北地区夏季气温变化特征分析   总被引：52，自引：17，他引：35       下载免费PDF全文

李辑  龚强 《气象与环境学报》2006,22(1):6-10

采用1951～2003年26个气象台站的夏季气温资料对我国东北地区夏季气温变化特征进行了分析。结果表明:近50多年来我国东北地区夏季气温主要经历了冷期、相对正常期和暖期3个阶段,夏季升温趋势达到0·15℃/10a,远超过全球、北半球、东北亚夏季的增暖程度。其对全球气候变暖的响应,一方面表现在夏季变暖、平均气温升高;另一方面表现在夏季气温变率加大;第三,气候变暖使东北夏季低温冷害明显减少、异常高温气候明显增多,但在变暖形势下局部发生低温冷害的现象仍然存在。  相似文献   

Assessment of glacier- and snowmelt-driven streamflow in the arid middle Tianshan Mountains of China     

Yan Liu  Jianhui Xu  Xinyu Lu  Lei Nie 《水文研究》2020,34(12):2750-2762

Due to limitations in transport and communication infrastructures and difficulties in accessing glaciers, it is challenging to monitor snow and glaciers. In this study, the enhanced Utah Energy Balance (UEB) with a glacier melt model and snow above and below the forest ablation algorithm is used to assess the contributions of snow and glacier melting in three typical inland river basins (MRB, URB and KRB) in the middle Tianshan Mountains of China from 2002 to 2014. Forced by the spatial downscaling of the China meteorological forcing dataset (CMFD) coupled with other parameters, the model simulates the total surface water balance using surface water input from snowmelt, glacial melt and rainfall. Model simulations reveal that although the MRB, URB and KRB are all located on the northern slopes of the Tianshan Mountains, there are obvious differences in their water resource composition characteristics. Different from the URB, which is mainly replenished by glacial melt and had an average annual percentage of glacial melt of approximately 39% of the total surface water from 2009 to 2014, the MRB and KRB are mainly supplied by snowmelt and rainfall and both had an average annual percentage of snowmelt of approximately 37%. Although snowmelt is an important source of water to inland rivers, especially during the snowmelt season, the contributions of snowmelt in these three basins are very small especially for the URB, which had a contribution of 17%. This study effectively verifies the applicability of the CMFD and provides important scientific and technological support for determining the spatiotemporal variations in snow and glacial melt in the middle Tianshan Mountains, where meteorological observation data are scarce and some observational data, such as radiation data, are incomplete.  相似文献   

Modeling the climatic effects of the land use/cover change in eastern China     

《Physics and Chemistry of the Earth》2015

This study aims to quantify the contribution of land use/cover change (LUCC) during the last three decades to climate change conditions in eastern China. The effects of farmland expansion in Northeast China, grassland degradation in Northwest China, and deforestation in South China were simulated using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model in addition to the latest actual land cover datasets. The simulated results show that when forestland is converted to farmland, the air temperature decreased owing to an increase in surface albedo in Northeast China. The climatic effect of grassland degradation on the Loess Plateau was insignificant because of the negligible difference in albedo between grassland and cropland. In South China, deforestation generally led to a decrease in temperature. Furthermore, the temperature decrease caused by the increase in albedo counteracted the warming effects of the evapotranspiration decrease, so the summer temperature change was not significant in South China. Excluding the effects of urbanization in the North China Plain, the LUCC effects across the entire region of East China presented an overall cooling trend. However, the variation in temperature scale and magnitude was less in summer than that in winter. This result is due mainly to the cooling caused by the increase in albedo offset partly by the increase in temperature caused by the decrease in evaporation in summer. Summer precipitation showed a trend of increasing–decreasing–increasing from southeast to northwest after LUCC, which was induced mainly by the decrease in surface roughness and cyclone circulations appearing northwest of Northeast China, in the middle of the Loess Plateau, and in Yunnan province at 700 hPa after forests were converted into farmland. All results will be instructive for understanding the influence of LUCC on regional climate and future land planning in practice.  相似文献   

极轨气象卫星资料地理定位误差评估与订正方法综述     

唐飞  董慧杰 《南京气象学院学报》2019,11(3):352-359

首先介绍了极轨气象卫星资料地理定位误差的来源,回顾了地理定位误差的研究状况.随后重点分析了3种可行的定位误差评估与订正的数学方法,并结合极轨卫星资料定位误差的订正实例,对不同订正方法进行了比较和讨论.最后展望了地理定位误差订正方法的研究方向.  相似文献   

基于无人机低空遥感的广西甘蔗灾害监测应用研究     

孙明  谢敏 《气象研究与应用》2019,40(1):46-52

广西的甘蔗种植面积和蔗糖产量一直稳居全国首位,每年的极端天气事件,给广西甘蔗生产带来极大的损失。针对传统的灾情调查方法费事、费力,遥感调查手段时效性滞后等问题,本文从低空无人机遥感技术应用的角度,以广西扶绥县甘蔗双高基地为研究区,进行连续的甘蔗灾情观测,利用Pix4D Mapper软件进行航拍影像拼接及正射校正,基于遥感影像分类的方法,对受灾区域进行灾情提取和分析。研究结果表明,基于低空无人机的灾情调查手段,能够迅速准确地获取灾情信息,是广西甘蔗灾情监测的一个新的热点和趋势,能够有效提升广西甘蔗灾害的预警监测水平。  相似文献   

用MODIS热量指数动态监测东北地区水稻延迟型冷害   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张丽文  王秀珍  姜丽霞  黄敬峰 《遥感学报》2015,19(4):690-701

水稻低温冷害是东北地区主要的农业气象灾害之一。与耗时、费力的传统灾情监测和调查方式相比,遥感技术能以宏观视角高效地监测灾害发生的范围及程度。为顺应立体化农业气象服务的发展趋势,探索利用Terra\Aqua MODIS反射率和地表温度数据进行水稻延迟型冷害动态监测的可能性,本文在遥感估算全天候平均气温分布、遥感识别水稻种植区及其关键生育期的基础上,构建了基于相对累积生长度日距平r AGDDa的水稻延迟型冷害指标,并开展了东北地区2000年—2012年水稻延迟型冷害动态监测的应用研究。结果表明:(1)MODIS估算的累积生长度日(MODIS_AGDD)与其对应台站估算值之间存在高度相关,除了5月上旬及9月下旬外,两者差值的多年平均值随时间变化幅度基本保持在55℃·d左右;(2)r AGDDa与其对应台站估算值的相关性比累积生长度日距平(AGDDa)的更高,采用r AGDDa指标监测东北地区水稻生长季热量条件的年际差异更有效;(3)基于MODIS_r AGDDa指标的监测结果与用气象行业标准指标(ΔT5-9)监测得到的延迟型冷害分布在众多灾害年均有较好的空间一致性,通过对比水稻减产率分布图,认为以MODIS_r AGDDa≤-5%判断水稻延迟型冷害的发生具有一定可行性;(4)分阶段统计的r AGDDa指标能反映出水稻各生育阶段的低温累积效应和高温补偿效应,可用于水稻延迟型冷害动态监测业务服务。  相似文献   

20世纪中国地区主磁场变化研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

冯彦  孙涵  蒋勇  毛飞 《地震学报》2013,35(6):865-875

为了研究2 0世纪中国地区主磁场变化, 首先使用最新的全球模型IGRF11, CALS3K. 4 (3K. 4) 和GUFM1进行计算, 并分析了1900—1990年的主磁场年变率均值的变化; 然后基于1960—2000年以10年为间隔的实测数据, 结合全球模型CM4与区域模型泰勒(Taylor)多项式(TY)模型分析了中国地区主磁场的年变率分布及年变率均值, 并与上述几种全球模型进行了比较． 结果显示: 20世纪利用IGRF11, GALS3K.4和GUFM1模型得到的主磁场的年变率均值均很接近. 它们所绘制的1960—2000年中国地区的主磁场年变率分布类似． 其原因主要是由于它们的建模原理相同且截断阶数接近所致． 基于实测点绘制的年变率分布与全球模型基本一致, X分量的年变率逐年减少, Y、 Z、 F分量的年变率均呈现先减小后增大的趋势．但两者也存在一定差异, 主要原因是由于更高密度的实测点及使用区域模型所致． 结果还显示了基于实测值绘制的年变率均值变化与CM4较为接近. 作者认为 CM4模型可以较好地反映中国地区主磁场的变化．   相似文献   

考虑降水时间相关性的地面观测-雷达-卫星遥感逐时降水融合方法研究     

阮惠华  张钧民  许剑辉  戴晓爱 《热带气象学报》2023,(3):300-312

以广东省北部山区2018年汛期强降水时段4月23—28日龙舟水、5月7—11日龙舟水和9月16—17日台风“山竹”3次典型暴雨过程的逐时降水为研究对象,研究基于XGBoost算法与地统计学理论的地面观测-前两个时刻逐时降水-雷达-卫星遥感的多源逐时降水融合模型,充分考虑相邻时刻降水的时间相关性,得到空间分辨率为1 km的逐时降水融合数据。此外,分别利用XGBoost与随机森林(RF)算法进行不考虑降水时间相关性的地面观测-雷达-卫星遥感逐时降水融合对比试验,并对试验结果进行精度评价。结果表明：(1) 在3次暴雨过程中,三种融合模型的逐时降水融合结果具有类似的空间分布;(2) 与XGBoost和RF逐时降水融合结果相比,融合了降水时间相关性的逐时降水融合结果在不同暴雨过程的准确性均有明显改进,3次暴雨过程的决定系数(R2)平均提高了7.89%和23.27%;(3) XGBoost逐时降水融合模型的精度整体上优于RF逐时降水融合模型,3次暴雨过程的R2分别提高了7.1%、4.3%和31.4%。  相似文献